
常见问题
It is best to handle foods that require no further cooking with suitable utensils or gloves rather than bare hands. 俄克拉何马州食品法规要求食品员工“不得接触暴露。, 食用即食食品时,应徒手操作,并应使用熟食纸巾等合适的餐具, 刮刀, 钳, 一次性手套, 或点胶设备..“然而, 食品法规也允许食品从业人员接触暴露, 即食食物,如果食物机构维持:
- A written employee health policy that details how the food establishment complies with employees health and activities related to diseases transmissible through food.
- Documentation that food employees acknowledge that they have received training in the risks of contacting ready-to-eat foods with bare hands, 正确的洗手技巧, 良好的卫生习惯.
- Documentation that food employees contacting ready-to-eat food with bare hands use two or more of the following control measures to provide additional safeguards to hazards associated with bare hand contact:
- 双洗手,
- 指甲刷,
- 洗手后使用OAC 310:257-3-14规定的洗手消毒剂,或
- 经本署批准的其他管制措施
- 当未遵循上述要求时采取纠正措施的文件.
ope体育客户端官方下载报告是公开记录. 它们可能会被 在线 或副本可在詹姆斯O. 古德温健康中心在塔尔萨129东大街5051号.
《ope体育客户端官方下载》于2021年11月1日生效. 这项法律允许私人住宅生产的食品有限度地销售. 这些类型的企业是由俄克拉荷马州农业部监管的, 食物, 和林业. 请 联系他们 关于《ope体育客户端官方下载》的问题.
热的食物应在煮熟后两小时内尽快冷藏. 食物 kept without temperature control allows the food to cool to the same temperature as the environment and allow harmful bacteria to grow. 如果食物在135华氏度以下或41华氏度以上储存超过两个小时,不要保存. Each temperature scenario incurs different risks regarding the type of foodborne pathogens able to grow and the rate of growth likely to occur so don't taste test it, 要么. 即使是少量被污染的食物也会导致疾病.
把剩菜放在安全的时间内食用. 一般来说,如果适当冷藏三到五天,它们是安全的. 如果有疑问,就把它扔掉.
冰箱应保持在41ºF(5ºC)或更低. A temperature of 41ºF (5ºC) or less is important because it slows the growth of most bacteria. 温度不会杀死细菌,但会阻止它们快速繁殖. 细菌越少,你患病的可能性就越小.
Freezing at 0ºF (minus 18ºC) or less stops bacterial growth (although it won't kill all bacteria already present.)
这个图表 is a rundown of storage guidelines for some of the foods that are regulars on America's dinner tables.
冷冻烧伤是食品质量问题,而不是ope体育客户端官方下载问题. 它在冷冻食品上表现为灰褐色的皮革状斑点. 当空气到达食物表面并使产品变干时,就会发生这种情况. 当食物没有被密封的包装时,就会发生这种情况. 颜色的变化是由食物色素的化学变化引起的. 虽然不受欢迎,但冷冻烧伤并不会使食品不安全. 在烹饪食物之前或之后切掉这些区域. 在塑料袋中冷冻食物时,在密封前将空气全部排出.
根据美国食品和药物管理局(FDA), food can be safe forever from a foodborne-illness standpoint - but if shelf-stable food has been on the shelf for an extended period of time, 你可能不想吃它,因为它的质量可能不好. 在这种情况下, “在此之前使用最佳”日期表示产品的最佳风味或质量. 食品质量与味道有关, 纹理, 以及食物的营养价值, 这不是一个购买日期或安全日期. A "Sell-By" date tells the store how long to display the product for sale for inventory management..
例如,冷冻烧伤、酸败和食品变质都是与质量有关的问题. 食品和药物管理局没有规定保质期, 因为这些食品的储存时间是一个质量问题, 不是ope体育客户端官方下载问题.
Many health experts agree that using a process called irradiation can be an effective way to help reduce food-borne hazards and ensure that harmful organisms are not in the foods we buy. 在辐照, foods are exposed briefly to a radiant energy source such as gamma rays or electron beams within a shielded facility. 辐照不能代替适当的食品生产和处理程序. 但是这个过程, 特别是当用于处理肉类和家禽产品时, 能杀死有害细菌, 大大减少潜在危险.
The 食物 and Drug Administration has approved irradiation of meat and 家禽 and allows its use for a variety of other foods, 包括新鲜水果和蔬菜, 和香料. The agency determined that the process is safe and effective in decreasing or eliminating harmful bacteria. 辐照也能减少腐败细菌, 昆虫和寄生虫, 在某些水果和蔬菜中,它会抑制发芽并延迟成熟. 例如, 辐照过的草莓可以保持三周不变质, 而未经处理的浆果则需要3到5天.
食物 irradiation is allowed in nearly 40 countries and is endorsed by the World Health Organization, 美国医学协会和许多其他组织.
辐照不会使食物具有放射性, 就像机场的行李扫描仪不会使行李具有放射性一样. 它也不会引起有害的化学变化. The process may cause a small loss of nutrients but no more so than with other processing methods such as cooking, 罐头, 或者加热巴氏杀菌. Federal rules require irradiated foods to be labeled as such to distinguish them from non-irradiated foods.
除非食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准,否则食品不能辐照. The FDA has evaluated irradiation safety for 40 years and found the process safe and effective for many foods. 健康专家还表示,除了减少维生素E.大肠杆菌O157:H7污染, 辐照可以帮助控制潜在的有害细菌沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌, 食源性疾病的两个主要原因.
辐照不会使食物具有放射性, 损害营养质量, 或者明显改变味道, 纹理, 或者食物的外观, 只要用在合适的产品上. 需要注意的是辐照不能用于所有的食物. 例如, it causes undesirable flavor changes in dairy products and it causes tissue softening in some fruits, 比如桃子和油桃.
抗击食源性疾病的关键因素之一是温度. 细菌在低温下生长缓慢,在中等温度下繁殖迅速. 为了安全起见, 产品必须煮到足够高的内部温度以消灭有害细菌. 使用温度计是确保食物达到适当温度的可靠方法. 然而,要使温度计有效,必须正确使用和校准温度计. 如果温度计插入不正确, 或者放置在错误的区域, 读数可能不能准确反映产品的内部温度. 在一般情况下, 温度计应该放在食物最厚的地方, 远离骨头, 脂肪或软骨. Read the manufacturer's instructions on how to calibrate (check the accuracy of) the thermometer. 根据美国.S. Department of Agriculture, temperature is the only way to guage whether food is sufficiently cooked. USDA research reveals that the 'color test' can give consumers misleading information about the safety of the foods they are preparing, 因为煮熟的颜色变化很大. 例如,冷冻和解冻可能会影响肉过早变色的趋势.
例子问题:
你的热狗里面有一条塑料条.
罐装辣椒里有一个金属垫圈.
你认为在餐馆吃饭会让你生病.
你的麦片盒子里有块玻璃.
你能做什么??
寻求肉类方面的帮助, POULTRY AND EGG PRODUCTS: Call the toll-free USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline at 1 (800) 535-4555.
FOR HELP WITH RESTAURANT FOOD PROBLEMS: Call the Health Department in your city, county or state. 在塔尔萨县,请拨打(918)595-4300.
FOR HELP WITH NON-MEAT FOOD PRODUCTS: For complaints about food products which do not contain meat or 家禽 - such as cereal - call or write to the 食物 and Drug Administration (FDA). 在U下面查一下你的本地电话簿.S. 政府,卫生与公众服务部,在你的地区找一个食品药品管理局的办公室. 食品和药物管理局的ope体育客户端官方下载和应用营养中心可以联系1 (888)723-3366.
为了让美国农业部或FDA调查一个问题,你应该:
原容器或包装;
the foreign object (the plastic strip or metal washer, for example); and
食物未吃完的部分(冷藏或冷冻).
你应准备好在电话上告诉热线的资料包括:
您的姓名、地址和电话号码;
产品的品牌名称、品名和生产厂家;
尺寸和包装类型;
罐装或包装代码(非UPC条形码)和日期;
establishment number (EST) usually found in the circle or shield near the "USDA passed and inspected" phrase; (if meat, 家禽, 或蛋制品)
商店名称、地点和购买日期.
You can complain to the store or the product's manufacturer if you don't choose to make a formal complaint to the USDA or FDA.
如果你觉得自己病了,就去看医生
如果声称因使用肉类或家禽产品而造成伤害或疾病, 您还需要告诉热线的工作人员有关的类型, 症状, 发生时间及出席的卫生专业人员姓名(如适用).
如果伤害或疾病据称是由餐馆的食物造成的, 打电话给你所在州或当地的卫生部门.
If an injury or illness allegedly resulted from non-meat food products, call or write to the FDA.
底线:如果你感觉到任何食品有问题,不要食用它. “当你有疑问的时候,就把它扔掉."
是的, but food establishments are required to inform consumers of the significantly increased risk of consuming undercooked animal products by way of disclosure and reminder. The disclosure indicates which food items may be served in an undercooked or raw formand the reminder explains that states:
- “关于这些物品的安全性,可应要求提供书面资料;”
- 食用生肉或未煮熟的肉类, 家禽, 海鲜, 贝类, 或者鸡蛋可能会增加你患食源性疾病的风险;
- 食用生肉或未煮熟的肉类, 家禽, 海鲜, 贝类, 或者鸡蛋可能会增加你患食源性疾病的风险, 特别是如果你有某些身体状况.
提供食物、准备食物或操作食物用具的食品雇员. 只供应预包装食品和. . hostesses that only seat guests and provide menus aren’t required to have food safety training.
Tulsa does have reciprocity agreement with some surrounding counties to accept their food handler training, 但不是他们的牌. 来自罗杰斯的工人, 溪, 奥色治, 瓦格纳县或波尼县应将他们的卡片带到詹姆斯O的主要食品处理办公室. 古德温健康中心,5051 S. 129 E. 地址:Ave, 塔尔萨,OK 74134,还有20美元的塔尔萨县卡制作费用. 该卡有效期到原卡上的日期为止.
是的! 洗手液不能代替正确的洗手方法. 尽管洗手液可以有效地杀死手上的一些细菌, 它们对减少皮肤与污垢/油脂/细菌之间的表面张力几乎没有作用. 洗手液只对你手上的薄膜外层起作用. 一些有害细菌仍然存在. 洗手时, 首先用温水弄湿你的手, 用肥皂搓出泡沫至少20秒, 用温水冲洗, 然后用干净的毛巾擦干.
钱是干燥的,携带的细菌比潮湿的物质和地方要少. 然而, 员工在换岗时必须洗手, especially after doing anything non-food related—including touching money—before going back to handling food.
注册食品处理程序类不需要文档. 然而, 如果你有驾照的话, 社会保障卡或其他身份证明, 卫生署食物处理处可参考此表格,以确保你的名字正确拼写.
The 症状 of food poisoning can vary greatly depending on the organism(s) causing the illness. 食物中毒实际上有两种类型:中毒和感染.
与中毒, 首先或最主要的症状是上胃肠道症状(恶心), 呕吐)在进食受污染食物后不久发生(2-24小时).
与感染, the first or most predominate 症状 are lower gastrointestinal tract 症状 (abdominal cramps, 腹泻),进食后持续时间较长(6-36小时至数天). 与食物中毒有关的其他症状包括发烧, 发冷, 不适, 头疼, 还有血性腹泻. 有些微生物可能引起神经系统或过敏症状,如头晕, 视力模糊, 虚胖, 刺痛, 皮肤瘙痒, 喉咙灼热,肌肉疼痛.
为了确认食物中毒,医生必须对血液进行检查, 凳子, 和/或呕吐来检测生物体的存在. 然而,对于许多中毒类型的疾病,这种有机体是无法检测到的. 也可检查食物样本以找出该病菌.